获取组或者主机
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from collections import namedtuple
# 核心类
# 用于读取YAML和JSON格式的文件
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
# 用于存储各类变量信息
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
# 用于导入资产文件
from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
# InventoryManager类的调用方式
def InventoryManagerStudy():
dl = DataLoader()
# loader= 表示是用什么方式来读取文件 sources=就是资产文件列表，里面可以是相对路径也可以是绝对路径
im = InventoryManager(loader=dl, sources=["/etc/ansible/hosts"])
# 获取指定资产文件中所有的组以及组里面的主机信息，返回的是字典，组名是键，主机列表是值
allGroups = im.get_groups_dict()
print(allGroups)
# 获取指定组的主机列表
print(im.get_groups_dict().get("web"))
# 获取指定主机，这里返回的是host的实例
host = im.get_host("192.168.28.108")
print(host)
# 获取该主机所有变量
print(host.get_vars())
# 获取该主机所属的组
print(host.get_groups())
def main():
InventoryManagerStudy()
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
main()
finally:
sys.exit()
执行adhoc
样例1：远程执行域名解析
#!/usr/bin/env python
import json
import shutil
from ansible.module_utils.common.collections import ImmutableDict
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
from ansible import context
import ansible.constants as C
class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
"""A sample callback plugin used for performing an action as results come in
If you want to collect all results into a single object for processing at
the end of the execution, look into utilizing the ``json`` callback plugin
or writing your own custom callback plugin
一个示例回调插件，用于在返回结果时执行操作
如果要将所有结果收集到单个对象中以便在执行结束时，请考虑使用“json”回调插件
或者编写自己的自定义回调插件
"""
def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
"""Print a json representation of the result
This method could store the result in an instance attribute for retrieval later
打印结果的json表示
此方法可以将结果存储在实例属性中，以便以后检索
"""
host = result._host
print(json.dumps({host.name: result._result}, indent=4))
# since the API is constructed for CLI it expects certain options to always be set in the context object
context.CLIARGS = ImmutableDict(connection='local', module_path=['/to/mymodules'], forks=10, become=None,
become_method=None, become_user=None, check=False, diff=False)
# initialize needed objects
loader = DataLoader() # Takes care of finding and reading yaml, json and ini files
passwords = dict(vault_pass='secret')
# Instantiate our ResultCallback for handling results as they come in. Ansible expects this to be one of its main display outlets
# 实例化ResultCallback，以便在结果传入时处理它们。Ansible预计这将是其主要的展示渠道之一
results_callback = ResultCallback()
# create inventory, use path to host config file as source or hosts in a comma separated string
# 创建资源清册，将主机配置文件的路径用作逗号分隔字符串中的源或主机
inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources='/etc/ansible/hosts')
# variable manager takes care of merging all the different sources to give you a unified view of variables available in each context
variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
# create data structure that represents our play, including tasks, this is basically what our YAML loader does internally.
play_source = dict(
name="Ansible Play",
hosts='192.168.28.108',
gather_facts='no',
tasks=[
dict(action=dict(module='shell', args='nslookup www.baidu.com'), register='shell_out'),
dict(action=dict(module='debug', args=dict(msg='{{shell_out.stdout}}')))
]
)
# Create play object, playbook objects use .load instead of init or new methods,
# this will also automatically create the task objects from the info provided in play_source
# 创建play对象，playbook对象使用.load而不是init或new方法，
# 这也会根据play_source中提供的信息自动创建任务对象
play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader)
# Run it - instantiate task queue manager, which takes care of forking and setting up all objects to iterate over host list and tasks
# 运行它-实例化任务队列管理器，它负责分叉和设置所有对象以迭代主机列表和任务
tqm = None
try:
tqm = TaskQueueManager(
inventory=inventory,
variable_manager=variable_manager,
loader=loader,
passwords=passwords,
stdout_callback=results_callback,
# 使用我们的自定义回调，而不是打印到stdout的“default”回调插件
# Use our custom callback instead of the ``default`` callback plugin, which prints to stdout
)
result = tqm.run(play)
# 剧本中最有趣的数据实际上被发送到回调函数的方法
# most interesting data for a play is actually sent to the callback's methods
finally:
# we always need to cleanup child procs and the structures we use to communicate with them
# 我们总是需要清理子进程以及用于与它们通信的结构
if tqm is not None:
tqm.cleanup()
# Remove ansible tmpdir
shutil.rmtree(C.DEFAULT_LOCAL_TMP, True)
{
"192.168.28.108": {
"changed": true,
"end": "2020-07-09 06:07:19.535960",
"stdout": "Server:\t\t192.168.28.249\nAddress:\t192.168.28.249#53\n\nNon-authoritative answer:\nwww.baidu.com\tcanonical name = www.a.shifen.com.\nName:\twww.a.shifen.com\nAddress: 14.215.177.38\nName:\twww.a.shifen.com\nAddress: 14.215.177.39",
"cmd": "nslookup www.baidu.com",
"rc": 0,
"start": "2020-07-09 06:07:19.506950",
"stderr": "",
"delta": "0:00:00.029010",
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"creates": null,
"executable": null,
"_uses_shell": true,
"strip_empty_ends": true,
"_raw_params": "nslookup www.baidu.com",
"removes": null,
"argv": null,
"warn": true,
"chdir": null,
"stdin_add_newline": true,
"stdin": null
}
},
"stdout_lines": [
"Server:\t\t192.168.28.249",
"Address:\t192.168.28.249#53",
"",
"Non-authoritative answer:",
"www.baidu.com\tcanonical name = www.a.shifen.com.",
"Name:\twww.a.shifen.com",
"Address: 14.215.177.38",
"Name:\twww.a.shifen.com",
"Address: 14.215.177.39"
],
"stderr_lines": [],
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"warnings": [
"Platform darwin on host 192.168.28.108 is using the discovered Python interpreter at /usr/bin/python, but future installation of another Python interpreter could change this. See https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.9/reference_appendices/interpreter_discovery.html for more information."
],
"_ansible_no_log": false
}
}
{
"192.168.28.108": {
"msg": "Server:\t\t192.168.28.249\nAddress:\t192.168.28.249#53\n\nNon-authoritative answer:\nwww.baidu.com\tcanonical name = www.a.shifen.com.\nName:\twww.a.shifen.com\nAddress: 14.215.177.38\nName:\twww.a.shifen.com\nAddress: 14.215.177.39",
"_ansible_verbose_always": true,
"_ansible_no_log": false,
"changed": false
}
}